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6. Theory of Computation and Computer Graphics (ACtE06)
1. Which of the following is a finite state machine?
Pushdown Automaton
Turing Machine
Finite Automaton
None of the above
2. What does DFA stand for?
Deterministic Finite Automaton
Deterministic Functional Automaton
Deterministic Finite Algorithm
None of the above
3. Which of the following is true about NDFA and DFA?
NDFA and DFA are equivalent
NDFA is more powerful than DFA
DFA is more powerful than NDFA
NDFA and DFA are not equivalent
4. What is the pumping lemma used for?
To prove that a language is regular
To prove that a language is context-free
To prove that a language is decidable
To prove that a language is undecidable
5. What does CFG stand for?
Context-Free Grammar
Contextual-Free Grammar
Context-Free Generator
None of the above
6. Which of the following is a type of parse tree?
Leftmost derivation
Rightmost derivation
Both a and b
None of the above
7. What is Chomsky Normal Form?
A form where every production is of the form A → a or A → BC
A form where every production is of the form A → a
A form where every production is of the form A → B
None of the above
8. Which of the following is true about context-free languages?
They can be recognized by a finite automaton
They can be recognized by a pushdown automaton
They can be recognized by a Turing machine
None of the above
9. What is the pumping lemma for context-free languages used for?
To prove that a language is context-free
To prove that a language is regular
To prove that a language is not context-free
To prove that a language is decidable
10. What is a Turing Machine?
A theoretical computing machine
A physical computing device
A type of finite automaton
None of the above
11. What does the Church-Turing Thesis state?
Every algorithm can be computed by a Turing machine
Every algorithm can be computed by a finite automaton
Every algorithm can be computed by a pushdown automaton
None of the above
12. What is the purpose of a Universal Turing Machine?
To simulate any Turing machine
To perform arithmetic operations
To recognize context-free languages
None of the above
13. What is computational complexity?
The amount of time and space required to solve a problem
The number of states in a Turing machine
The number of symbols in an alphabet
None of the above
14. What is intractability in computation?
Problems that can be solved in polynomial time
Problems that can be solved in exponential time
Problems that cannot be solved by any algorithm
None of the above
15. What is computer graphics?
The creation and manipulation of visual images using computers
The study of computer algorithms
The design of computer hardware
None of the above
16. Which of the following is a type of display technology?
CRT
LCD
LED
All of the above
17. What is a raster-scan display?
A display that uses a continuous beam of electrons
A display that uses a grid of pixels
A display that uses liquid crystals
None of the above
18. What is a vector display?
A display that uses a continuous beam of electrons
A display that uses a grid of pixels
A display that uses liquid crystals
None of the above
19. What is the purpose of a display processor?
To generate images for display
To process user input
To manage memory
None of the above
20. What is a 2D translation?
Moving an object from one location to another
Rotating an object around a point
Scaling an object
None of the above
21. What is a 2D rotation?
Moving an object from one location to another
Rotating an object around a point
Scaling an object
None of the above
22. What is a 2D scaling?
Moving an object from one location to another
Rotating an object around a point
Changing the size of an object
None of the above
23. What is a 2D shear transformation?
Changing the size of an object
Slanting the shape of an object
Rotating an object around a point
None of the above
24. What is the purpose of clipping in computer graphics?
To remove parts of an image outside a defined region
To change the size of an object
To rotate an object around a point
None of the above
25. What is a 3D translation?
Moving an object from one location to another in three-dimensional space
Rotating an object around an axis
Scaling an object
None of the above
26. What is a 3D rotation?
Moving an object from one location to another in three-dimensional space
Rotating an object around an axis
Scaling an object
None of the above
27. What is a 3D scaling?
Moving an object from one location to another in three-dimensional space
Rotating an object around an axis
Changing the size of an object in three-dimensional space
None of the above
28. What is a 3D shear transformation?
Changing the size of an object
Slanting the shape of an object in three-dimensional space
Rotating an object around an axis
None of the above
29. Which of the following is used to minimize a finite state machine?
Regular Expression
DFA minimization algorithm
Context-free grammar
Pushdown automaton
30. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a pushdown automaton (PDA)?
It has a stack for storing symbols
It can recognize context-free languages
It uses finite states only
It uses a stack in addition to finite states
31. Which of the following is a key feature of a Turing Machine?
Finite memory
Infinite tape
Fixed number of states
No tape
32. In which of the following forms are context-free grammars usually converted?
Regular Form
Chomsky Normal Form (CNF)
Greibach Normal Form (GNF)
Both B and C
33. What is the function of a Universal Turing Machine?
To simulate any other Turing machine
To calculate the factorial of a number
To perform basic arithmetic operations
To solve any algorithm in polynomial time
34. Which of the following is a type of projection in 3D computer graphics?
Orthographic Projection
Parallel Projection
Perspective Projection
All of the above
35. Which of the following transformations can be applied to a 2D object?
Scaling
Translation
Reflection
All of the above
36. What is the primary function of a display processor in computer graphics?
To execute user commands
To convert geometric data into pixels for display
To generate input data
To manage computer storage
37. Which of the following is a common method for clipping a line in 2D computer graphics?
Midpoint Circle Algorithm
Bresenham's Line Algorithm
Cohen-Sutherland Line Clipping
None of the above
38. What is the result of a shear transformation in computer graphics?
Change in object size
Change in object angle
Change in object orientation without changing shape
None of the above
39. In a 3D transformation, which of the following operations does NOT alter the shape of an object?
Translation
Rotation
Scaling
Shearing
40. Which of the following is NOT part of the architecture of a raster-scan display?
Frame buffer
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
Display processor
Vectors
41. What is the significance of a Turing machine in computational theory?
It represents the most powerful computational device
It can solve all problems
It defines the boundaries of what can be computed
It can compute only simple tasks
42. Which of the following describes a context-free grammar (CFG)?
It is a grammar that generates regular languages
It is a grammar that generates context-sensitive languages
It is a grammar that generates languages that can be parsed with a pushdown automaton
None of the above
43. What is the key difference between a finite automaton (FA) and a Turing machine (TM)?
A FA has a limited memory, while a TM has infinite memory
A TM is deterministic, while a FA is non-deterministic
A FA has an infinite tape, while a TM has a finite tape
None of the above
44. What is the advantage of using perspective projection in 3D graphics?
Objects appear larger as they move farther from the camera
Objects appear smaller as they move closer to the camera
Objects are shown in their actual size, regardless of distance
None of the above
45. What is the main function of a graphics software standard?
To define the speed of graphics rendering
To ensure compatibility and consistency across different platforms
To define the hardware requirements for graphics processing
None of the above
46. What is the purpose of a context-free grammar (CFG) in the theory of computation?
To define languages that can be recognized by finite automata
To define languages that can be recognized by pushdown automata
To define regular expressions
None of the above
47. What does the term "computational complexity" refer to?
The hardware requirements for solving a problem
The efficiency of an algorithm in terms of time and space
The number of inputs an algorithm can process
The number of errors in an algorithm
48. What is an example of a 3D transformation?
2D Translation
2D Scaling
3D Scaling
2D Reflection
49. Which of the following operations is NOT part of a raster-scan display system?
Image rendering
Direct pixel access
Color mixing
Vector computation
50. Which of the following is the primary characteristic of a non-deterministic Turing machine (NDTM)?
It can decide undecidable languages
It has multiple possible transitions from a given state
It has infinite tape
It requires more time to compute than a deterministic Turing machine
51. Which of the following is NOT a valid operation in context-free grammar (CFG)?
String concatenation
Reversal of strings
Substitution of variables
Derivation using production rules
52. In finite automata, the language accepted by a DFA (Deterministic Finite Automaton) is
Regular
Context-free
Context-sensitive
None of the above
53. What is the key feature of the Chomsky Normal Form (CNF) in context-free grammar?
All production rules have a left-hand side of a single terminal
All production rules are of the form A → BC or A → a
Every rule has exactly two non-terminal symbols on the right-hand side
None of the above
54. Which of the following is true about a Turing machine with multiple tapes?
It can process data faster than a single tape Turing machine
It can compute all languages that a single tape Turing machine cannot
It is equivalent to a single tape Turing machine in computational power
It uses a different type of state transition function
55. Which of the following is an example of a non-regular language?
The set of strings containing an even number of a's
The set of strings that contain more b's than a's
The set of strings that are palindromes
The set of strings that contain any number of a's and b's
56. Which of the following operations does NOT preserve regularity in regular expressions?
Concatenation
Union
Kleene star
Intersection
57. In 3D computer graphics, what is the purpose of projection transformation?
To rotate objects in space
To map 3D coordinates onto a 2D plane for display
To scale objects in space
To perform clipping of objects
58. Which of the following is NOT a valid transformation in 2D graphics?
Rotation
Translation
Scaling
Perspective Projection
59. What is the time complexity of a Turing machine that decides a language in polynomial time?
NP-hard
NP-complete
P
Undecidable
60. What does the Pumping Lemma for regular languages state?
If a language is regular, then every string in the language can be split into parts that can be repeated
If a language is context-free, then it can be parsed with a deterministic pushdown automaton
Every regular language can be described by a regular expression
All of the above
61. What is the primary purpose of Backus-Naur Form (BNF)?
To define regular expressions
To express context-free grammars in a concise form
To define context-sensitive grammars
None of the above
62. Which of the following is an example of a multi-track Turing machine?
A Turing machine that uses two tapes and two heads
A Turing machine with infinite states
A Turing machine that only uses a single tape for all operations
A Turing machine with a single tape but multiple read-write heads
63. Which of the following best describes a context-free grammar (CFG)?
It generates all regular languages
It generates languages that can be parsed by a pushdown automaton
It is used to define finite languages
It can only generate regular expressions
64. What is the main function of a display processor in computer graphics?
To execute programs in real-time
To manage interactions with user input devices
To process and render images for display on screen
To store graphical data for future use
65. Which of the following is the key distinction between a deterministic finite automaton (DFA) and a non-deterministic finite automaton (NDFA)?
A DFA has multiple transitions from one state, while NDFA has only one
A DFA can only accept regular languages, while NDFA can accept more complex languages
A DFA has a unique transition for each input symbol in each state, while NDFA can have multiple possible transitions
None of the above
66. Which of the following transformations is associated with changing the size of an object in 2D graphics?
Rotation
Scaling
Translation
Reflection
67. Which of the following is NOT a valid display technology in computer graphics?
CRT (Cathode Ray Tube)
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
LED (Light Emitting Diode)
3D Vectors
68. In 3D computer graphics, which of the following projections uses parallel lines to project objects onto a 2D plane?
Orthographic projection
Perspective projection
Isometric projection
None of the above
69. Which of the following is a method for minimizing the number of states in a finite automaton?
Regular expression conversion
DFA minimization
Context-free grammar conversion
None of the above
70. Which of the following is NOT a property of context-free languages (CFL)?
CFLs can be recognized by a deterministic finite automaton
CFLs can be parsed using a pushdown automaton
CFLs can be represented by a context-free grammar
None of the above
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