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4. Computer Organization and Embedded System (ACtE04)
1. Which of the following is a function of the control unit in a CPU?
It performs arithmetic operations
It manages the data flow between CPU and memory
It decodes the instructions
It stores the program data
2. What does the term "RISC" stand for in computer architecture?
Reduced Instruction Set Computer
Random Instruction Set Computer
Real-time Instruction Set Computer
Rapid Instruction Set Computer
3. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of CISC architecture?
Complex instructions
Multiple clock cycles per instruction
Simple instructions
Larger instruction set
4. What is the primary purpose of pipelining in computer architecture?
To increase the clock speed
To improve instruction throughput
To reduce the number of instructions executed
To manage the data flow between registers
5. In which type of memory are the instructions and data stored temporarily during CPU execution?
Cache memory
Secondary memory
Primary memory
Virtual memory
6. Which of the following is an addressing mode in computer architecture?
Direct addressing
Indirect addressing
Immediate addressing
All of the above
7. Which is the primary difference between RISC and CISC processors?
RISC has fewer instructions compared to CISC
CISC processors are faster than RISC processors
RISC processors require more memory
CISC processors have a simpler instruction set
8. What does the term "cache memory" refer to?
A temporary storage for frequently accessed data
A backup storage for long-term data
A type of virtual memory
A secondary memory for storing files
9. What is the purpose of cache mapping in cache memory design?
To map physical memory addresses to cache addresses
To increase the storage capacity of cache
To manage cache replacement algorithms
To store data permanently in the cache
10. Which of the following is NOT a cache replacement algorithm?
Least Recently Used (LRU)
First In First Out (FIFO)
Least Frequently Used (LFU)
Random Access Memory (RAM)
11. Which of the following is a characteristic of Direct Memory Access (DMA)?
It allows data transfer between peripherals and memory without CPU intervention
It requires the CPU to process each data transfer
It is slower than CPU processing
It can only be used for peripheral communication
12. Which of the following best describes a multiprocessor system?
A system with multiple CPUs working independently on different tasks
A system with a single CPU executing multiple threads
A system where the CPU is responsible for all tasks
A system where multiple CPUs work together to execute one task
13. Which type of memory is designed to store data that doesn't change frequently and can be accessed randomly?
ROM
RAM
Flash memory
Cache memory
14. In the context of embedded systems, which of the following is true?
Embedded systems are used for general-purpose computing tasks
Embedded systems can be programmed to perform a specific function
Embedded systems are slower than general-purpose computers
Embedded systems are mainly used for office automation
15. What does the term "task synchronization" refer to in a real-time operating system?
The process of managing tasks in a queue
The coordination of multiple tasks so that they execute without conflict
The scheduling of tasks based on priority
The handling of task failures
16. What is an example of a task scheduling algorithm in a real-time operating system?
Round-robin scheduling
First-come, first-served scheduling
Priority-based scheduling
All of the above
17. What is the function of device drivers in an operating system?
To directly manage the hardware devices
To execute user programs
To handle network connections
To allocate system resources
18. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an embedded system?
It is designed to perform a specific function
It can be a part of a larger system
It has limited resources such as processing power and memory
It is used for general-purpose computing
19. What is the primary function of a real-time operating system (RTOS)?
To manage tasks based on priority and deadlines
To provide a graphical user interface
To allocate system resources for multitasking
To run non-time-critical tasks
20. Which of the following is true about an open-loop control system?
It uses feedback to adjust system behavior
It operates without feedback
It is used in real-time control applications
It ensures the system always functions optimally
21. In VHDL, which of the following is used to represent the overflow condition?
overflow <= '1';
if overflow then
overflow = true;
if (A + B) > 255 then
22. In VHDL, which of the following defines a process?
process (A, B)
if A then
always @ (A or B)
assign A = B;
23. Which of the following VHDL statements is used for conditional logic?
if
when
case
All of the above
24. Which of the following is NOT a mode of data transfer in I/O systems?
Direct Memory Access (DMA)
Interrupt-driven I/O
Memory-mapped I/O
Direct Access I/O
25. What is the primary function of an Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) in the CPU?
To fetch instructions from memory
To perform arithmetic and logical operations
To manage memory access and cache
To control data flow between I/O devices
26. In a CPU, what does the "instruction format" refer to?
The method of organizing the memory
The structure of an instruction in machine code
The timing of instruction execution
The process of decoding instructions
27. What type of memory is typically used for storing instructions that are frequently accessed?
ROM
Flash memory
Cache memory
Hard disk
28. Which of the following is a characteristic of RISC architecture?
A large instruction set
Multiple clock cycles per instruction
A small and simple instruction set
A focus on software optimization
29. In the context of computer organization, what does "pipelining" aim to achieve?
It reduces the number of instructions executed
It allows instructions to be processed simultaneously
It increases the memory size of the CPU
It optimizes data access speeds
30. Which of the following cache mapping techniques uses the entire address to determine the cache location?
Direct mapping
Fully associative mapping
Set-associative mapping
Block mapping
31. In a multiprocessor system, which type of interconnection structure allows multiple processors to communicate simultaneously?
Bus-based interconnection
Ring-based interconnection
Crossbar switch interconnection
Star-based interconnection
32. Which of the following is true about cache memory?
It has higher access speed than main memory
It is used to store backup data
It is volatile and needs to be refreshed constantly
It is located in external storage
33. What is the primary function of a memory management unit (MMU)?
To control the flow of data to and from external devices
To manage the transfer of data between registers
To map logical addresses to physical addresses
To process instructions in parallel
34. Which of the following is a major disadvantage of CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer) architecture?
It requires fewer clock cycles for each instruction
It uses more memory for program storage
It has a more complex instruction set, making it slower
It consumes less power than RISC processors
35. What type of control structure in an embedded system is used to maintain synchronization between tasks?
Task scheduling
Task synchronization
Task queuing
Task grouping
36. In embedded system design, what is the purpose of using a custom single-purpose processor?
To perform general-purpose computing tasks
To optimize hardware for a specific application
To simplify the design of complex software systems
To allow more efficient use of memory resources
37. What type of memory is typically used for storing data that must be preserved even when the system is powered off?
RAM
ROM
Flash memory
Cache memory
38. What does the term "multiprocessing" refer to in the context of an operating system?
Running multiple threads in the same process
Running multiple processes simultaneously
Running one process on multiple processors
Running multiple processes sequentially
39. Which of the following is the correct order of the memory hierarchy from fastest to slowest?
Registers, Cache, RAM, Disk
Disk, RAM, Registers, Cache
RAM, Disk, Cache, Registers
Cache, Registers, RAM, Disk
40. Which of the following is an example of an embedded system?
A desktop computer
A smart thermostat
A web server
A laptop computer
41. What is the key characteristic of a real-time operating system (RTOS)?
It can handle general-purpose computing tasks
It ensures timely and deterministic processing of tasks
It is mainly used for batch processing
It does not support multitasking
42. In embedded system design, which factor is crucial when optimizing custom single-purpose processors?
Speed of execution
Compatibility with general-purpose applications
Memory and power consumption
Complexity of the operating system
43. What is the primary advantage of using VHDL in hardware design?
It allows the design of software programs
It supports high-level programming for embedded systems
It facilitates the design and simulation of digital circuits
It is only used for debugging hardware
44. What is the purpose of "task synchronization" in real-time systems?
To ensure tasks execute in a specific order and at the correct time
To manage multiple task priorities
To ensure tasks do not conflict with each other
All of the above
45. In VHDL, what does a process statement define?
A concurrent execution of code
A sequential block of code executed only once
A variable declaration
A task scheduler for system-level programming
46. Which of the following is a primary function of the control unit in a CPU?
Perform arithmetic operations
Manage memory hierarchy
Decode instructions and control data flow
Store the execution status of tasks
47. What is the main difference between RISC and CISC architectures?
RISC uses complex instructions, while CISC uses simple ones
RISC uses fewer clock cycles per instruction, while CISC uses more
RISC processes more instructions in parallel, while CISC processes fewer
RISC supports only basic operations, while CISC supports advanced ones
48. Which of the following is an example of an arithmetic operation performed by the ALU?
Memory address calculation
Logical comparisons
Addition and subtraction of numbers
Control signal generation
49. Which addressing mode involves specifying an operand as a constant value within the instruction?
Immediate addressing
Direct addressing
Indirect addressing
Register addressing
50. In pipelining, what is the primary benefit of overlapping instruction fetch, decode, and execute stages?
Decreases the number of instructions required
Reduces the instruction length
Increases instruction throughput and reduces execution time
Ensures all tasks are executed in the correct order
51. What is the function of cache memory in a computer system?
To store data for future use in the CPU registers
To store frequently used instructions and data closer to the CPU
To store programs during execution
To manage large amounts of data in external storage
52. What is a characteristic of Direct Memory Access (DMA) in I/O systems?
It requires the CPU to directly manage data transfers
It allows peripherals to transfer data directly to memory without CPU involvement
It can only be used for sequential data transfers
It transfers data between the CPU and the memory at a slower speed
53. What is the key difference between primary memory and secondary memory?
Primary memory is non-volatile, while secondary memory is volatile
Primary memory stores data permanently, while secondary memory is used for temporary data
Primary memory is faster but more expensive than secondary memory
Primary memory is external to the CPU, while secondary memory is internal
54. Which of the following is true about memory write policies in cache memory?
Write-through means that data is written to the cache and main memory simultaneously
Write-back means that data is written to memory immediately after being changed in the cache
Write-through improves performance but can slow down cache accesses
Write-back ensures data consistency between cache and memory
55. Which of the following best describes a multiprocessor system?
A system with a single processor handling multiple tasks
A system with several processors working independently on separate tasks
A system where a single processor executes tasks sequentially
A system with multiple processors working together to execute a task
56. Which of the following defines the purpose of inter-processor communication in a multiprocessor system?
To share the same memory space between processors
To allow processors to exchange information and coordinate tasks
To store data permanently between processor operations
To divide tasks equally among processors
57. Which type of embedded system is used for specific applications such as automobiles, home automation, or medical devices?
General-purpose computing systems
Single-purpose embedded systems
Multi-purpose computing systems
Networked embedded systems
58. Which of the following statements about embedded systems is true?
Embedded systems are designed for general-purpose computing tasks
Embedded systems have dedicated hardware for specific tasks
Embedded systems are less reliable than general-purpose systems
Embedded systems use more resources than traditional computers
59. What is the main advantage of using a real-time operating system (RTOS)?
It offers multitasking support for general-purpose applications
It provides a high level of interactivity with users
It ensures that critical tasks are completed within a strict time limit
It is easier to program than a general-purpose operating system
60. In an embedded system, what does the term "task synchronization" refer to?
The management of multiple processors performing simultaneous tasks
The process of coordinating task execution to avoid conflicts and data inconsistencies
The scheduling of tasks based on priority
The management of hardware resources for specific tasks
61. What does the term "task scheduling" refer to in an embedded system?
Determining the order in which tasks are executed
Ensuring that tasks are executed in parallel
Managing task synchronization to prevent conflicts
Allocating hardware resources to tasks
62. In VHDL, which of the following is used to define the behavior of a combinational circuit?
process
if-else
when-else
for
63. Which VHDL construct is used to describe the behavior of sequential circuits?
process
constant
signal
entity
64. In VHDL, how is an overflow condition detected in a signed binary addition operation?
Using an if statement to check the sum of operands
By checking if the result exceeds the maximum value that can be stored
By using the overflow signal
By monitoring the carry out bit during the addition
65. What is the role of the "this pointer" in C++ classes?
To refer to the member functions of the current class
To refer to the address of the current object instance
To define static data members of the class
To manage dynamic memory allocation in the class
66. What is the key characteristic of a virtual function in object-oriented programming?
It can be called without instantiating the object
It allows dynamic method binding and can be overridden in derived classes
It cannot be called outside the class
It is used to create constructors in the class
67. What does "operator overloading" allow in C++?
To redefine the behavior of operators for user-defined data types
To change the function signature based on the return type
To define functions that can accept multiple types of arguments
To allocate memory dynamically for objects
68. Which of the following is a primary function of the control unit in a CPU?
Perform arithmetic operations
Manage memory hierarchy
Decode instructions and control data flow
Store the execution status of tasks
69. What is the main difference between RISC and CISC architectures?
RISC uses complex instructions, while CISC uses simple ones
RISC uses fewer clock cycles per instruction, while CISC uses more
RISC processes more instructions in parallel, while CISC processes fewer
RISC supports only basic operations, while CISC supports advanced ones
70. Which of the following is an example of an arithmetic operation performed by the ALU?
Memory address calculation
Logical comparisons
Addition and subtraction of numbers
Control signal generation
71. Which addressing mode involves specifying an operand as a constant value within the instruction?
Immediate addressing
Direct addressing
Indirect addressing
Register addressing
72. In pipelining, what is the primary benefit of overlapping instruction fetch, decode, and execute stages?
Decreases the number of instructions required
Reduces the instruction length
Increases instruction throughput and reduces execution time
Ensures all tasks are executed in the correct order
73. What is the function of cache memory in a computer system?
To store data for future use in the CPU registers
To store frequently used instructions and data closer to the CPU
To store programs during execution
To manage large amounts of data in external storage
74. What is a characteristic of Direct Memory Access (DMA) in I/O systems?
It requires the CPU to directly manage data transfers
It allows peripherals to transfer data directly to memory without CPU involvement
It can only be used for sequential data transfers
It transfers data between the CPU and the memory at a slower speed
75. What is the key difference between primary memory and secondary memory?
Primary memory is non-volatile, while secondary memory is volatile
Primary memory stores data permanently, while secondary memory is used for temporary data
Primary memory is faster but more expensive than secondary memory
Primary memory is external to the CPU, while secondary memory is internal
76. Which of the following is true about memory write policies in cache memory?
Write-through means that data is written to the cache and main memory simultaneously
Write-back means that data is written to memory immediately after being changed in the cache
Write-through improves performance but can slow down cache accesses
Write-back ensures data consistency between cache and memory
77. Which of the following best describes a multiprocessor system?
A system with a single processor handling multiple tasks
A system with several processors working independently on separate tasks
A system where a single processor executes tasks sequentially
A system with multiple processors working together to execute a task
78. Which of the following is a primary function of the control unit in a CPU?
Perform arithmetic operations
Manage memory hierarchy
Decode instructions and control data flow
Store the execution status of tasks
79. What is the main difference between RISC and CISC architectures?
RISC uses complex instructions, while CISC uses simple ones
RISC uses fewer clock cycles per instruction, while CISC uses more
RISC processes more instructions in parallel, while CISC processes fewer
RISC supports only basic operations, while CISC supports advanced ones
80. Which of the following is an example of an arithmetic operation performed by the ALU?
Memory address calculation
Logical comparisons
Addition and subtraction of numbers
Control signal generation
81. Which addressing mode involves specifying an operand as a constant value within the instruction?
Immediate addressing
Direct addressing
Indirect addressing
Register addressing
82. In pipelining, what is the primary benefit of overlapping instruction fetch, decode, and execute stages?
Decreases the number of instructions required
Reduces the instruction length
Increases instruction throughput and reduces execution time
Ensures all tasks are executed in the correct order
83. What is the function of cache memory in a computer system?
To store data for future use in the CPU registers
To store frequently used instructions and data closer to the CPU
To store programs during execution
To manage large amounts of data in external storage
84. What is a characteristic of Direct Memory Access (DMA) in I/O systems?
It requires the CPU to directly manage data transfers
It allows peripherals to transfer data directly to memory without CPU involvement
It can only be used for sequential data transfers
It transfers data between the CPU and the memory at a slower speed
85. What is the key difference between primary memory and secondary memory?
Primary memory is non-volatile, while secondary memory is volatile
Primary memory stores data permanently, while secondary memory is used for temporary data
Primary memory is faster but more expensive than secondary memory
Primary memory is external to the CPU, while secondary memory is internal
86. Which of the following is true about memory write policies in cache memory?
Write-through means that data is written to the cache and main memory simultaneously
Write-back means that data is written to memory immediately after being changed in the cache
Write-through improves performance but can slow down cache accesses
Write-back ensures data consistency between cache and memory
87. Which of the following best describes a multiprocessor system?
A system with a single processor handling multiple tasks
A system with several processors working independently on separate tasks
A system where a single processor executes tasks sequentially
A system with multiple processors working together to execute a task
88. Which of the following is a primary function of the control unit in a CPU?
Perform arithmetic operations
Manage memory hierarchy
Decode instructions and control data flow
Store the execution status of tasks
89. What is the main difference between RISC and CISC architectures?
RISC uses complex instructions, while CISC uses simple ones
RISC uses fewer clock cycles per instruction, while CISC uses more
RISC processes more instructions in parallel, while CISC processes fewer
RISC supports only basic operations, while CISC supports advanced ones
90. Which of the following is an example of an arithmetic operation performed by the ALU?
Memory address calculation
Logical comparisons
Addition and subtraction of numbers
Control signal generation
91. Which addressing mode involves specifying an operand as a constant value within the instruction?
Immediate addressing
Direct addressing
Indirect addressing
Register addressing
92. In pipelining, what is the primary benefit of overlapping instruction fetch, decode, and execute stages?
Decreases the number of instructions required
Reduces the instruction length
Increases instruction throughput and reduces execution time
Ensures all tasks are executed in the correct order
93. What is the function of cache memory in a computer system?
To store data for future use in the CPU registers
To store frequently used instructions and data closer to the CPU
To store programs during execution
To manage large amounts of data in external storage
94. What is a characteristic of Direct Memory Access (DMA) in I/O systems?
It requires the CPU to directly manage data transfers
It allows peripherals to transfer data directly to memory without CPU involvement
It can only be used for sequential data transfers
It transfers data between the CPU and the memory at a slower speed
95. What is the key difference between primary memory and secondary memory?
Primary memory is non-volatile, while secondary memory is volatile
Primary memory stores data permanently, while secondary memory is used for temporary data
Primary memory is faster but more expensive than secondary memory
Primary memory is external to the CPU, while secondary memory is internal
96. Which of the following is true about memory write policies in cache memory?
Write-through means that data is written to the cache and main memory simultaneously
Write-back means that data is written to memory immediately after being changed in the cache
Write-through improves performance but can slow down cache accesses
Write-back ensures data consistency between cache and memory
97. Which of the following best describes a multiprocessor system?
A system with a single processor handling multiple tasks
A system with several processors working independently on separate tasks
A system where a single processor executes tasks sequentially
A system with multiple processors working together to execute a task
98. Which of the following is a primary function of the control unit in a CPU?
Perform arithmetic operations
Manage memory hierarchy
Decode instructions and control data flow
Store the execution status of tasks
99. What is the main difference between RISC and CISC architectures?
RISC uses complex instructions, while CISC uses simple ones
RISC uses fewer clock cycles per instruction, while CISC uses more
RISC processes more instructions in parallel, while CISC processes fewer
RISC supports only basic operations, while CISC supports advanced ones
100. Which of the following is an example of an arithmetic operation performed by the ALU?
Memory address calculation
Logical comparisons
Addition and subtraction of numbers
Control signal generation
101. Which addressing mode involves specifying an operand as a constant value within the instruction?
Immediate addressing
Direct addressing
Indirect addressing
Register addressing
102. In pipelining, what is the primary benefit of overlapping instruction fetch, decode, and execute stages?
Decreases the number of instructions required
Reduces the instruction length
Increases instruction throughput and reduces execution time
Ensures all tasks are executed in the correct order
103. What is the function of cache memory in a computer system?
To store data for future use in the CPU registers
To store frequently used instructions and data closer to the CPU
To store programs during execution
To manage large amounts of data in external storage
104. What is a characteristic of Direct Memory Access (DMA) in I/O systems?
It requires the CPU to directly manage data transfers
It allows peripherals to transfer data directly to memory without CPU involvement
It can only be used for sequential data transfers
It transfers data between the CPU and the memory at a slower speed
105. What is the key difference between primary memory and secondary memory?
Primary memory is non-volatile, while secondary memory is volatile
Primary memory stores data permanently, while secondary memory is used for temporary data
Primary memory is faster but more expensive than secondary memory
Primary memory is external to the CPU, while secondary memory is internal
106. Which of the following is true about memory write policies in cache memory?
Write-through means that data is written to the cache and main memory simultaneously
Write-back means that data is written to memory immediately after being changed in the cache
Write-through improves performance but can slow down cache accesses
Write-back ensures data consistency between cache and memory
107. Which of the following best describes a multiprocessor system?
A system with a single processor handling multiple tasks
A system with several processors working independently on separate tasks
A system where a single processor executes tasks sequentially
A system with multiple processors working together to execute a task
108. Which of the following is a primary function of the control unit in a CPU?
Perform arithmetic operations
Manage memory hierarchy
Decode instructions and control data flow
Store the execution status of tasks
109. What is the main difference between RISC and CISC architectures?
RISC uses complex instructions, while CISC uses simple ones
RISC uses fewer clock cycles per instruction, while CISC uses more
RISC processes more instructions in parallel, while CISC processes fewer
RISC supports only basic operations, while CISC supports advanced ones
110. Which of the following is an example of an arithmetic operation performed by the ALU?
Memory address calculation
Logical comparisons
Addition and subtraction of numbers
Control signal generation
111. Which addressing mode involves specifying an operand as a constant value within the instruction?
Immediate addressing
Direct addressing
Indirect addressing
Register addressing
112. In pipelining, what is the primary benefit of overlapping instruction fetch, decode, and execute stages?
Decreases the number of instructions required
Reduces the instruction length
Increases instruction throughput and reduces execution time
Ensures all tasks are executed in the correct order
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