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2. Digital Logic and Microprocessor (AExE02)
1. Which of the following is a valid Boolean expression for an OR gate?
A⋅B
A+B
A−B
A÷B
2. What is the correct binary representation of the decimal number 45?
101101
110101
111001
100111
3. What is the output of a NAND gate when both inputs are 1?
0
1
Undefined
10
4. Which of the following is a valid Sum-of-Products (SOP) expression?
A+B⋅C
A⋅B+C
A⋅(B+C)
A+(B⋅C)
5. Which Boolean expression represents the product-of-sums (POS) form of the function A⋅B+C?
(A+B)⋅(A+C)
(A⋅B)+C
(A+C)⋅(B+C)
(A⋅C)+(B⋅C)
6. A 4-to-1 multiplexer has how many data input lines?
4
8
16
32
7. Which circuit is used to select one of many inputs based on a binary control signal?
Multiplexer
Decoder
Encoder
Demultiplexer
8. In binary addition, what is the sum of 1 + 1?
0
1
2
10
9. Which of the following is an example of a combinational circuit?
Flip-Flop
RS Flip-Flop
Adder
Counter
10. What is the two’s complement of the binary number 1011?
101
1100
100
1001
11. Which gate is represented by the Boolean expression A+B?
AND
OR
NAND
NOR
12. Which type of flip-flop is edge-triggered?
D Flip-Flop
SR Flip-Flop
JK Flip-Flop
T Flip-Flop
13. How many flip-flops are required to construct a 4-bit register?
1
2
3
4
14. Which of the following is an example of an arithmetic circuit?
Encoder
Decoder
Adder
Multiplexer
15. Which of the following is a valid Karnaugh map?
A 4x4 grid
A 2x2 grid
A 3x3 grid
A 5x5 grid
16. What is the output of a NOR gate when both inputs are 0?
1
0
Undefined
10
17. What is the function of a Demultiplexer?
To combine multiple inputs into one output
To distribute one input to multiple outputs
To convert parallel signals to serial signals
To convert serial signals to parallel signals
18. Which of the following is used to subtract binary numbers?
Adder
Subtractor
Full Adder
Half Adder
19. The complement of a binary number 1010 is
1011
101
1100
100
20. How many states does a 3-bit binary counter have?
2
4
6
8
21. Which of the following is an example of a sequential circuit?
Multiplexer
Adder
Flip-Flop
Decoder
22. Which microprocessor instruction type requires no operand?
Data transfer
Arithmetic operation
Logical operation
Control operation
23. In a microprocessor, what does the control unit do?
Executes instructions
Manages data flow
Performs arithmetic calculations
Directs operations of the processor
24. Which of the following is a characteristic of a microprocessor?
It controls the input devices
It handles input/output operations
It processes data and executes instructions
It stores data permanently
25. Which of the following is a classification of memory devices in a microprocessor system?
RAM
I/O devices
External hard drives
All of the above
26. Which of the following is a type of memory hierarchy?
Cache memory
Secondary memory
Volatile memory
Both A and B
27. What does DMA stand for?
Direct Memory Addressing
Direct Memory Access
Direct Memory Assignment
Data Management Access
28. Which of the following is used in serial communication?
UART
I2C
SPI
All of the above
29. What is the primary purpose of the interrupt service routine (ISR)?
To process an interrupt
To enable interrupts
To disable interrupts
To provide an output response
30. In microprocessor systems, what is an I/O port used for?
Storing data
Transmitting data to peripherals
Performing arithmetic operations
Executing instructions
31. Which microprocessor component manages the transfer of data between the CPU and memory?
Control unit
ALU
Register
Bus
32. Which of the following is a feature of a synchronous transmission?
Data is sent one bit at a time
Data is sent in the form of packets
Data is synchronized with a clock
Data is sent in parallel
33. Which of the following is used to handle interrupts in a microprocessor?
Interrupt Service Routine
Control Unit
ALU
Data Bus
34. What is the primary function of a microprocessor's ALU?
Arithmetic and logical operations
Data transfer
Managing memory
Executing control instructions
35. Which of the following is used to interface external devices with a microprocessor?
Memory management unit
I/O ports
ALU
Clock generator
36. What type of microprocessor instruction manipulates memory addresses?
Data transfer instruction
Arithmetic instruction
Logical instruction
Control instruction
37. In microprocessor systems, what does the bus do?
Stores data
Transmits data between components
Performs logical operations
Manages interrupts
38. Which of the following is an example of a direct memory access (DMA) operation?
Reading data from a file
Transferring data between memory and I/O without CPU intervention
Fetching an instruction from memory
Executing an arithmetic operation
39. Which of the following gates is represented by the Boolean expression A⋅B?
AND
OR
NAND
NOR
40. What does a shift register do?
Adds binary numbers
Shifts data in a binary sequence
Stores data permanently
Converts binary data to decimal
41. Which of the following is the most significant bit in an 8-bit signed binary number?
The least significant bit
The 5th bit
The 8th bit
The first bit on the left
42. Which of the following is true about the RS flip-flop?
It is edge-triggered
It has two stable states
It has one input
It operates as a clocked flip-flop
43. What is the primary use of a demultiplexer in a digital system?
To combine multiple inputs into a single output
To split a single input into multiple outputs
To transfer data between devices
To convert serial data to parallel
44. Which of the following is a characteristic of a microprocessor’s instruction set?
It determines the operations the processor can perform
It directly controls the I/O devices
It is fixed and cannot be changed
It is unrelated to the processor’s architecture
45. How many flip-flops are required to construct a 3-bit binary counter?
1
2
3
4
46. Which of the following memory types is non-volatile?
RAM
ROM
Cache
Registers
47. Which of the following is true about a microprocessor’s ALU?
It performs only addition
It performs arithmetic and logic operations
It handles all memory operations
It communicates with external devices
48. In which of the following situations would a microprocessor interrupt be triggered?
When data is written to a register
When a memory access is requested
When a specific condition is met in the system
When the clock signal changes
49. What is the primary purpose of the clock in a microprocessor system?
To provide power to the system
To synchronize the operations of the microprocessor
To manage interrupts
To transfer data
50. What is the result of a binary subtraction of 1101 - 1010?
11
101
1111
1001
51. Which of the following is used in a microprocessor system to temporarily store data and instructions?
Memory
Register
Control Unit
Bus
52. Which of the following circuits is used to store one bit of data?
Adder
Flip-Flop
Decoder
Encoder
53. What is the maximum number of outputs for a 3-to-8 decoder?
4
8
16
32
54. Which of the following is an example of a memory hierarchy in a computer system?
Cache memory, main memory, and secondary storage
Registers, ALU, and I/O ports
Control unit, buses, and interrupts
Cache memory, CPU, and I/O ports
55. Which of the following is the main feature of the synchronous serial communication protocol?
Data transmission occurs one bit at a time
Data is transmitted with a clock signal
Data is transmitted in parallel
Data transmission is asynchronous
56. What is the primary purpose of the control unit in a microprocessor?
To store data
To perform arithmetic calculations
To fetch and decode instructions
To manage I/O operations
57. Which of the following is true about the 8085 microprocessor?
It is a 16-bit microprocessor
It has 16-bit registers
It supports 8-bit data bus
It uses 32-bit address bus
58. What is the function of an encoder in digital circuits?
To convert parallel inputs into a binary code
To decode binary data into a readable format
To perform arithmetic operations
To convert serial data into parallel
59. Which of the following is used to handle interrupts in a microprocessor?
Interrupt Service Routine
Control Unit
ALU
Data Bus
60. What is the primary function of a microprocessor's ALU?
Arithmetic and logical operations
Data transfer
Managing memory
Executing control instructions
61. Which of the following is used to interface external devices with a microprocessor?
Memory management unit
I/O ports
ALU
Clock generator
62. What type of microprocessor instruction manipulates memory addresses?
Data transfer instruction
Arithmetic instruction
Logical instruction
Control instruction
63. In microprocessor systems, what does the bus do?
Stores data
Transmits data between components
Performs logical operations
Manages interrupts
64. Which of the following is an example of a direct memory access (DMA) operation?
Reading data from a file
Transferring data between memory and I/O without CPU intervention
Fetching an instruction from memory
Executing an arithmetic operation
65. Which of the following gates is represented by the Boolean expression A⋅B?
AND
OR
NAND
NOR
66. What does a shift register do?
Adds binary numbers
Shifts data in a binary sequence
Stores data permanently
Converts binary data to decimal
67. Which of the following is the most significant bit in an 8-bit signed binary number?
The least significant bit
The 5th bit
The 8th bit
The first bit on the left
68. Which of the following is true about the RS flip-flop?
It is edge-triggered
It has two stable states
It has one input
It operates as a clocked flip-flop
69. What is the primary use of a demultiplexer in a digital system?
To combine multiple inputs into a single output
To split a single input into multiple outputs
To transfer data between devices
To convert serial data to parallel
70. Which of the following is a characteristic of a microprocessor’s instruction set?
It determines the operations the processor can perform
It directly controls the I/O devices
It is fixed and cannot be changed
It is unrelated to the processor’s architecture
71. How many flip-flops are required to construct a 3-bit binary counter?
1
2
3
4
72. Which of the following memory types is non-volatile?
RAM
ROM
Cache
Registers
73. Which of the following is true about a microprocessor’s ALU?
It performs only addition
It performs arithmetic and logic operations
It handles all memory operations
It communicates with external devices
74. In which of the following situations would a microprocessor interrupt be triggered?
When data is written to a register
When a memory access is requested
When a specific condition is met in the system
When the clock signal changes
75. What is the primary purpose of the clock in a microprocessor system?
To provide power to the system
To synchronize the operations of the microprocessor
To manage interrupts
To transfer data
76. What is the result of a binary subtraction of 1101 - 1010?
11
101
1111
1001
77. Which of the following is used in a microprocessor system to temporarily store data and instructions?
Memory
Register
Control Unit
Bus
78. Which of the following circuits is used to store one bit of data?
Adder
Flip-Flop
Decoder
Encoder
79. What is the maximum number of outputs for a 3-to-8 decoder?
4
8
16
32
80. Which of the following is an example of a memory hierarchy in a computer system?
Cache memory, main memory, and secondary storage
Registers, ALU, and I/O ports
Control unit, buses, and interrupts
Cache memory, CPU, and I/O ports
81. Which of the following is the main feature of the synchronous serial communication protocol?
Data transmission occurs one bit at a time
Data is transmitted with a clock signal
Data is transmitted in parallel
Data transmission is asynchronous
82. What is the primary purpose of the control unit in a microprocessor?
To store data
To perform arithmetic calculations
To fetch and decode instructions
To manage I/O operations
83. Which of the following is true about the 8085 microprocessor?
It is a 16-bit microprocessor
It has 16-bit registers
It supports 8-bit data bus
It uses 32-bit address bus
84. What is the function of an encoder in digital circuits?
To convert parallel inputs into a binary code
To decode binary data into a readable format
To perform arithmetic operations
To convert serial data into parallel
85. What is the basic function of a decoder in digital circuits?
To convert binary data into readable information
To perform logical operations
To encode binary input into a code
To convert binary data into a set of outputs based on the input
86. In binary subtraction, what is the result of 10102−01112?
00112
00102
01012
10012
87. Which of the following is true for a binary adder?
It adds two binary numbers and produces a sum and carry
It performs multiplication of binary numbers
It converts binary data into decimal format
It shifts binary numbers left or right
88. What is the typical number of states in a 4-bit binary counter?
4
8
16
32
89. What does the term "overflow" mean in binary arithmetic?
The result exceeds the maximum value that can be represented
The result is negative
The result is stored in cache
The result is shifted left
90. What is the main feature of an SR flip-flop?
It has no reset input
It has one output
It has two stable states
It is edge-triggered
91. Which type of microprocessor is used in modern computing systems?
8-bit processors
16-bit processors
32-bit processors
64-bit processors
92. Which of the following is the result of the binary addition 11012+01102?
101012
101102
100002
101002
93. Which of the following is true about an asynchronous counter?
It operates with a clock signal
Its outputs change with each clock pulse
It uses a fixed clock cycle
Its states change independently
94. What is the primary function of an I/O interface in a microprocessor system?
To manage memory operations
To execute instructions
To manage data transfer between the microprocessor and external devices
To perform logical operations
95. In microprocessor systems, what is the purpose of a status register?
To store data temporarily
To hold the address of the instruction to be executed
To hold flags indicating the result of the last operation
To store the program counter
96. Which of the following is true about the 8086 microprocessor?
It has a 16-bit data bus
It is a 16-bit processor with a 32-bit address bus
It is an 8-bit processor
It has a 64-bit data bus
97. Which of the following components of a microprocessor performs arithmetic and logical operations?
Control Unit
ALU
Register
Bus
98. What is the function of a parity bit in digital communications?
To detect errors in the data
To store additional data
To convert data into binary format
To synchronize data transmission
99. Which of the following is an example of a combinational logic circuit?
Counter
Shift register
Decoder
SR flip-flop
100. In which of the following is a shift register used?
Memory address generation
Data transfer
Data storage
Performing logic operations
101. What is the purpose of an accumulator in a microprocessor?
To store intermediate results of arithmetic operations
To store instructions
To store data from external devices
To store flags
102. Which of the following is a characteristic of a microprocessor's instruction set?
It is fixed and unchangeable
It determines what operations the processor can perform
It controls external devices
It stores program data
103. In binary multiplication, what is the result of 1012×112?
10012
10112
11112
11012
104. What is the function of a master-slave flip-flop in digital circuits?
To store data
To synchronize two flip-flops and control state changes
To perform logic operations
To add two binary numbers
105. Which of the following is used to calculate the output of an encoder?
It converts binary inputs into a corresponding output code
It performs a shift operation
It adds binary numbers
It stores data temporarily
106. What does the term "bitwise operation" refer to in microprocessor systems?
Performing operations on individual bits of a number
Performing arithmetic operations on numbers
Storing data in memory
Transferring data between devices
107. What is the purpose of a register in a microprocessor?
To store data temporarily
To perform calculations
To store instructions permanently
To manage input/output operations
108. Which of the following is true about a synchronous counter?
Its outputs change independently of the clock
It operates with a fixed clock pulse
It changes states asynchronously
It does not require a clock signal
109. Which of the following is the main advantage of using a 16-bit microprocessor over an 8-bit one?
It can process more data per clock cycle
It is more energy-efficient
It supports more I/O devices
It has faster memory access
110. What does the term "clock pulse" refer to in a microprocessor system?
A single unit of data transmission
The signal used to synchronize the timing of operations
The output generated by the ALU
The amount of data transferred per second
111. Which of the following gates implements the Boolean expression A+B?
AND
OR
NOR
NAND
112. What is the function of an interrupt in a microprocessor system?
To halt the execution of a program
To pause the system for debugging
To handle external events or requests during program execution
To execute low-level instructions
113. Which of the following is the result of the binary addition 11102+1012?
110112
100112
101112
110012
114. Which of the following components is responsible for fetching instructions in a microprocessor?
ALU
Control Unit
Register
Memory
115. What is the maximum addressable memory in a 16-bit microprocessor?
64 KB
128 KB
256 KB
65536 KB
116. In a microprocessor, what is the purpose of the stack pointer?
To point to the current instruction
To manage memory addresses for data storage
To point to the top of the stack in memory
To control input/output operations
117. What is the function of a multiplexer in digital circuits?
To combine multiple inputs into a single output
To split a single input into multiple outputs
To store binary data temporarily
To add two binary numbers
118. Which of the following is true for a D flip-flop?
It has two inputs and one output
It changes state based on the clock signal
It only stores one bit of information
All of the above
119. What is the function of a program counter in a microprocessor?
To store instructions
To keep track of the memory address of the next instruction to be executed
To manage memory access
To perform arithmetic operations
120. Which of the following is a feature of a ROM (Read-Only Memory) chip?
It can be rewritten easily
It is volatile
It stores data permanently
It stores data temporarily
121. What is the purpose of a control bus in a microprocessor system?
To store data
To manage memory operations
To transfer data between external devices and the processor
To send control signals to other components
122. Which type of flip-flop is used in a register for storing multiple bits?
SR Flip-Flop
D Flip-Flop
T Flip-Flop
JK Flip-Flop
123. In a microprocessor system, what does the ALU perform?
Data transfer
Arithmetic and logical operations
Memory management
Program execution
124. What is the outcome of the binary subtraction 11012−10112?
00102
00002
11102
01002
125. What is the main purpose of using a 4-to-16 line decoder in digital circuits?
To reduce the number of inputs
To convert a 4-bit input into a corresponding 16-bit output
To add two binary numbers
To store multiple bits of data
126. Which of the following is true about an encoder?
It converts binary data to readable text
It converts parallel data into a binary code
It shifts data left or right
It performs binary addition
127. Which of the following is used to synchronize data transfer between two devices in a microprocessor system?
Buffer
Clock
Register
ALU
128. What is the primary function of a microprocessor's control unit?
To execute arithmetic operations
To control data flow between components
To store instructions
To manage memory and input/output operations
129. Which of the following is true about a JK flip-flop?
It has two inputs, J and K, and changes state based on clock pulses
It only stores one bit of information
It is not edge-triggered
It requires an external clock to operate
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