Using complex and compound sentences effectively

Structure

• Independent clause + dependent clause
• Dependent clause + , + independent clause

Key Words and Phrases for Complex Sentences

• Subordinating conjunctions: because, although, even though, since, while, if, unless, until, etc.
• Relative pronouns: who, which, that, where, when, etc.

Examples

1. Because exercise releases endorphins, I find it an effective way to reduce stress.
2. Although I enjoy reading to relax, I often prefer to go jogging since it also benefits my physical health.
3. I listen to music when I feel stressed, as it helps calm my mind and improve my mood.
4. While some people handle stress by reading, I find that jogging works best for me.

Practice

Try writing sentences about your stress-relief activities using different subordinating conjunctions. Here’s a prompt to get you started:

• Write about a specific activity you do and why it helps you relax.

2. Compound Sentences

A compound sentence joins two independent clauses with a coordinating conjunction or a semicolon. Each clause could stand alone as a sentence, but they are combined to show a relationship between two ideas.

Structure

• Independent clause + , + coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) + independent clause
• Independent clause + ; + independent clause

Key Words for Compound Sentences

• Coordinating conjunctions: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so (FANBOYS)

Examples

1. I enjoy listening to music to unwind, and I often choose calming songs that help me relax.
2. Jogging clears my mind, but I also find that talking to friends can help relieve stress.
3. I could read a book to relax, or I could go for a jog to clear my mind.
4. Exercising is a great way to release stress hormones, so I make time for it every day.

Practice

Try writing about different methods of stress relief and why you use them. Here’s a prompt to get you started:

• Describe two different activities you enjoy and explain why they are effective for managing stress.

3. Complex-Compound Sentences

A complex-compound sentence combines at least two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses. This type of sentence shows a high level of fluency and allows you to express nuanced relationships between multiple ideas.

Structure

• Independent clause + coordinating conjunction + independent clause + dependent clause
• Dependent clause + , + independent clause + coordinating conjunction + independent clause

Example

1. Although jogging helps me manage stress, I also listen to music when I’m feeling anxious, and both activities make a noticeable difference in my mood.
2. Because I value mental health, I prioritize exercise every day, and I also talk to friends when I feel overwhelmed.
3. Even though some people prefer to read to relax, I like exercising, and I find it highly effective for reducing anxiety.